FINZA Terminal
Finza Terminal / Learn

Learn the market's instruments

Plain-language guides to the data Finza Terminal tracks — COT positioning, 13F filings, Fed rate odds, earnings, economic releases, and the charts that tie them together. Written and maintained by Finza Research.
Charts & Tools

How to Read a Market Heatmap

A heatmap compresses the whole market into one glance — if you know what size and color actually encode. Sector rotation, breadth, and the traps of a first look.

6 min read
Charts & Tools

How to Read Candlestick Charts

Body, wicks, color, and context: what a candlestick actually encodes, the handful of patterns worth knowing, and why timeframe changes everything.

7 min read
Charts & Tools

How to Read Volume

Volume is the market's turnout figure: how to use it to confirm breakouts, spot exhaustion, judge conviction — and the classic mistakes of reading it alone.

7 min read
Charts & Tools

Support and Resistance, Explained

Why price repeatedly stalls at the same levels, how to draw zones that mean something, and the role-reversal principle that organizes most technical analysis.

7 min read
Earnings

A Trader's Guide to Earnings Season

Why stocks fall on 'good' earnings, what actually moves the price, and how to prepare for a report — expectations, guidance, and the reaction that matters more than the print.

7 min read
Economic Data

The Economic Calendar, Explained

CPI, NFP, PMI, GDP — what the heavyweight economic releases measure, why consensus matters more than the number, and how markets actually trade the data.

8 min read
Equities

Dividends, Explained: Yield, Dates, and the Traps

How dividends actually work — declaration to payment, why price drops on the ex-date, what payout ratios reveal, and how to spot a yield trap before it cuts.

7 min read
Equities

Short Selling, Explained

How shorting actually works, the asymmetric risk that defines it, short interest as a sentiment gauge, and the mechanics behind short squeezes.

7 min read
Equities

Stock Buybacks, Explained

How share repurchases work, why they've become the dominant way companies return cash, what they do to EPS — and how to tell a good buyback from a bad one.

7 min read
Fed & Rates

Central Banks Beyond the Fed: ECB, BOJ, and the Global Rate Map

The Fed sets the tone, but the ECB, Bank of Japan, and other central banks move trillions too. How the major banks differ, and why their divergence drives markets.

7 min read
Fed & Rates

How Fed Funds Futures Imply Rate Odds

When headlines say 'markets price a 70% chance of a hike,' the number comes from Fed funds futures. Here's the arithmetic behind rate-decision odds, step by step.

7 min read
Fed & Rates

How to Read the Yield Curve

What the Treasury yield curve is, why inversions became the market's most famous recession signal, and how to read steepening and flattening honestly.

7 min read
Institutional Flow

How to Read a COT Report

A practical guide to the CFTC's Commitments of Traders report: who the trader groups are, what net positioning means, and how to use weekly changes without over-reading them.

6 min read
Institutional Flow

What 13F Filings Can — and Can't — Tell You

Hedge fund 13F filings show what famous investors own, but they come with a 45-day lag and structural blind spots. Here's how to read them honestly.

7 min read
Markets

Crypto Never Closes — But Its Liquidity Does: Sessions, Weekends, and Why It Matters

Bitcoin trades 24/7, yet its behavior follows the sun: how global sessions, weekend liquidity gaps, and derivatives mechanics shape crypto price action.

7 min read
Markets

Gold and Real Yields: The Relationship That Explains Most Gold Moves

Why gold tracks inflation-adjusted interest rates, what breaks the correlation, and how the dollar, central banks, and fear fit into the gold price.

7 min read
Markets

Understanding Volatility and the VIX

What volatility actually measures, how the VIX is built from options prices, why it's called the fear index — and the ways it's routinely misread.

7 min read
Markets

What Moves Forex Pairs

Interest rate differentials, economic surprises, risk sentiment, and flows: the four forces behind currency moves, and why a pair is always two stories at once.

7 min read
Markets

What Moves Oil Prices

OPEC decisions, inventories, spare capacity, and the demand cycle: the supply-demand machine behind crude prices, and why WTI and Brent aren't the same number.

7 min read
Trading Basics

Position Sizing: The Risk Decision That Outranks Every Entry

Why position size determines survival more than stock picking, the fixed-fractional method, R-multiples, and the math of drawdowns most traders learn too late.

7 min read